The plants pests and diseases ebook is a great guide for any gardener novice to expert. Little leaf disease of eggplant or brinjal first reported from india by thomas and krishnaswami in 1939. Approp riate knowled ge about the fungal diseases o f brinjal in bareilly region is nece ssary as this i s the impo rtant centre fo r cultivation and transporta tion of brinjal fruit. Production of brinjal is significantly affected by heavy infestation of a fruit borer pest, leucinodes orbonalis. Plant disease and pest diagnostic guidelines for extension. The loss in yield of brinjal due to brinjal pest complex was recorded to the tune of 23.
Larvae and damaged fruit raradc, bandarawela larvae and damaged fruit photosource website. Adult insects are 116 long, hard shelled, shiny, darkcolored beetles that jump when disturbed. Some important plant pathogenic disease of brinjal. Shoot and fruit borer cause a serious damage to the fruits leading to severe reduction in the yield. Sex pheromones of major lepidopteran pests such as tomato fruit worm helicoverpa armigera and common armyworm spodoptera litura are widely used as monitoring lures in tropical vegetable production systems. Several factors are responsible for the low productivity of brinjal in india. Eggplant diseases, pests and problems basic information. This article throw light upon the seven major diseases caused by brinjal. Affects green as well as ripe fruits, but is more common in ripe fruits is a physiological disorder caused by water imbalances caused by irregular watering or overwatering especially early in the season. Solanum melongena an overview sciencedirect topics. It provides varied information on how to lower the cost of production based on recommended insectmites pests, disease, and weeds control methods.
Ipm strategy for eggplant fruit and shoot borer socioeconomic studies of current efsb control practices in jessore district of bangladesh indicated that 98% of farmers relied exclusively on the use of pesticides and more than 60% farmers sprayed their crop 140 times or more in the 67 month cropping season. The major constraint in the production of brinjal is the bacterial wilt disease. Plant disease and pest diagnostic guidelines for extension agents the process of diagnosing plant problemsis like detective work in that it is investigative and systematic. See end of the article for authors affiliations correspondence to. These include biotic factors as insect pests and pathogens. Plants expressing cry proteins from the bacterium, bacillus thuringiensis bt, have become a major tactic for controlling insect pests in maize and cotton globally.
The adult female lays eggs on the ventral surface of the leaves, flower buds and on young fruits. Pest and disease control herbicides, insecticides and fungicides should always be used in compliance with the label instructions. It also bores into and feeds on young and maturing fruit, making the fruit inedible and unfit for market. The brinjal, eggplant or aubergine french name has originated in the indian subcontinent and china thompson and kelly, 1957. Mar 07, 20 in 2006, an expert committee examined the biosafety data presented by mahyco and concluded that bt brinjal was safe and equivalent to its nonbt counterpart according to the provided data. Little leaf of brinjal is known to cause heavy economic losses in india. Brinjal pests and their control shoot and fruit borer leucinodes orbonalis. The use of sex pheromone traps as a masstrapping tool against polyphagous insects. The borer maintains its breeding activities on the brinjal plants during crop season september to march and on weeds solanum nigrum and s.
Follett, in irradiation for quality improvement, microbial safety and phytosanitation of fresh produce, 2017. Just how far immunity from the at tacks of diseases and insects may be obtained through the breeding. Choosing plants suited to their growing conditions reduces plant stress, which helps prevent insect and disease problems. Assessment of crop losses due to insect pests of brinjal. The infestation on brinjal can be as high as 70 per cent. Brinjal is an important vegetable crop of the far east, bangladesh, india, china and the.
Lose less, feed more plantwise is a cabiled global initiative. Pdf ecology and control of brinjal insect pests from. The practice some plant disease makes the plant poisonous to humans and animals such as ergot of rye, pearl millet and wheat several fungi will make hay poisonous may contain nematodes which carry virus plant disease causes great financial loss from a few % to total crop the cost of disease control must be. Fungi are responsible for approximately twothird of the infectious plant diseases. The short pinkish larva will be induced into terminal shoots which results in withering and drying of the shoot. Other eggplant bugs that affect these plants include. Eggplant is a commonly grown warmseason vegetable noted for its great flavor, egg shape and dark violet color. Dingaras multiple purple, sinampiro from philippines, pusa purple cluster singnath, bholanath. Bacterial wilt of eggplant is a major disease causing heavy losses in eggplant production in the tropical, subtropical and temperate regions.
This crop is prone to massive attacks by several species of fungi and bacteria that cause wilt, soft rot and root rot because of the increasing restriction in the use of chemical fungicides due to concern for the environment and human health, microbial. A brief list of plant diseases caused by fungi gardenerdy. For noncommercial purposes only, any web site may link directly to this page. As the name indicates, symptoms of the disease include shortening of the petioles and production of leaves which are much smaller in size. Evaluate the planting site for exposure to light, low spots, wind speed and direction. Brinjal is the second highest consumed vegetable in india, produced with a yield of 89 million tons nu aly. It is the most important pest in asia, including pakistan. Eggplants are harvested immature and have rather a short storage life 12 weeks. The field guide to nonchemical pest management in eggplant production is an excerpt.
Green and yellow list little leaf disease in brinjal. India is the second largest producer of brinjal after china anonymous, 2010a. High soil, moisture and moderate temperature along with high humidity especially in the rainy season leads to the development of the disease. Acknowledgements staffonly pages subscribe rss contact uc ipm. The public is, however, reluctant to accept this fact. The losses caused by brinjal pests vary from season to season depending upon environmental factors 8. Uc agricultural management guidelines for control of eggplant pests. It is one of the most serious pests of brinjal fruits and plants.
Some plants are consistently plagued by certain insect pests and diseases. Since eggplants are susceptible to many pests and diseases, the use of collars or row covers on young plants may be necessary to reduce common eggplant problems. Sensitivity of different strains of phomopsis vexans to selected fungicides. For all other uses or more information, read legal notices. There are many plant diseases caused by fungi, like mildew, smuts, rusts, etc. The eggplant solanum melongena, commonly known as brinjal, is the fourth most widely grown vegetable in india, and a significant export crop government of india, 2009. Management of brinjal shoot and fruit borer, leucinodes.
Ecology and control of brinjal insect pests from kolhapur region, india article pdf available in biolife 41. Screening of some brinjal germplasm line against brinjal. Select plant species that are less prone to pest problems. Regarding the use of amp r gene for selection of bacterial recombinants, it is not transferred to plants. Assessment of crop loss due to brinjal pest complex. D ratio can vary depending on the feeding potential of natural enemy as well as the type of pest. Different insecticides were evaluated for the control of bsfb in a field study at sahiwal, pakistan during spring and.
Insects many insect pests are attracted to eggplant. Farmers training insect pest and rodents control jodhpur342008, india. Average per cent loss due to brinjal pests in terms of number of fruits per plant was 40. Clip of the affected as soon as you find the infected part. Production technology of brinjal egg plant a free powerpoint ppt presentation displayed as a flash slide show on id. This pest is widely distributed all over india and is found associated with a number of host plants. Some important plant pathogenic disease of brinjal solanum. University of californias official guidelines for pest monitoring techniques, pesticides, and nonpesticide alternatives for managing pests in agriculture, floriculture, and commercial turf. Effect of fertilizers on phomopsis blight disease phomopsis vexans of brinjal solanum melongena. Evaluation of brinjal varieties for resistance to rootknot nematode 561 70.
Unfortunately, we cannot provide individual solutions to specific pest problems. Brinjal solanum melongena linnaeus is known as a king of vegetables originated from india, where a wide range of wild types and land races occurs thompson and kelly, 1957. Major diseases of tomato, pepper and eggplant in greenhouses. Evaluation of brinjal solanum melongena varieties for.
A manual on the most important pests and diseases of the major food crops grown by smallholder farmers in africa. Eggplant solanum melongena is a popular vegetable grown throughout asia that is heavily treated with insecticides to control the eggplant fruit and shoot borer. Green and yellow list shoot and fruit borer on brinjal leucinodes orbonalis in sinhalakarati saha gedi vidina panuwa. Lower leaves may droop first before wilting occurs. Artificially the disease has been transmitted successfully to tomato, potato and tobacco. Feb 21, 2015 insect pests of brinjal plant 20150220 1. Petioles are so short that leaves seem to be glued to the stem. The npt ii and amp r genes have been declared safe to use in gm plants 3537.
The eggplant fruit and shoot borer fsb is the most destructive insect pest for eggplant in south and south east asia. Bacterial wilt caused by ralstonia solanacearum yabuuchi et al. The damage to the fruits starts soon after transplanting and continues till harvest of the fruits. Field performance of bt eggplants solanum melongena l. Their control conclusion references introduction brinjal is a native of india and one of the most. In india, the coastal belts of kerala, tamil nadu, andhra, pradesh and orissa show greater manifestation of disease severity. During recent years the brinjal fruit borer, leucinodes orbonalis guenee, has become a limiting factor in brinjal cultivation in many parts of india. The major insect pests recorded in the present study were jassid, amrasca biguttula biguttula ishida. The study was conducted during two consecutive years kharif, 2010 and 2011 to assess the crop losses due to the insect pests of brinjal, solanum melongena linn. In tamilkaththari kai thandu thulaippan damaged shoot photosource. Avrdc the world vegetable center developed, successfully. Pseudomonas solanacearum symptoms bacterial wilt symptoms on leaf surface wilting, stunting, yellowing of the foliage and finally collapse of the entire plant are the characteristic symptoms of the disease.
By asking a series of questions, observing the surrounding environment, and keeping good records, one can. Ppt brinjal presentation powerpoint presentation online. Eggplant is a good source of minerals and vitamins, and in total nutritional value, it can be compared with tomato. The simple, lowcost integrated pest management ipm techniques outlined in this guide provide satisfactory, sustainable management and can help eggplant growers decrease their reliance on chemical pesticides. This ebook explains the many problems that your plants can encounter or can invade them insects, environmental issues and other problems. In many cases these resistant strains are exceptionally vigorous and possess excellent marketing and edible qualities in ad dition to disease resistance.
This pest created serious damage to the leaves, flower buds and fruits. The natural enemies of brinjal pests can be divided farmer. Fruit and shoot borerresistant eggplant fact sheet. The fsb is a small larva that bores inside shoots, resulting in the withering of the shoots.
Brinjal shoot and fruit borer bsfb, leucinodes orbonalis guenee is a serious insect pest of brinjal solanum melongena l. A stereomicroscope was used for counting root galls and egg masses on the root system of. Probably during the season of brinjal crop, the causal agent survives on weed hosts and from there it is transmitted to main crop by its insect vector. Lace bugs and flea beetles are common eggplant bugs. Brinjal pests and diseases eggplant, symptoms, control. The eggplant solanum melongena is one of the most widely grown vegetable crops all over the world, including the indian subcontinent. C m b c j sh fruit borer bsfb being a major pest of brinjal causes heavy loss to the crop productivity. The disease is transmitted through by the vector cestius phycitis. Several other varieties can be grown in the home garden as well. Moreover, the amp r gene is considered safe because it does not encode for any product in plants. Rootknot disease and its management in brinjal 127 under water. Biology and control of brinjal eggplant fruit and shoot.
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